Grumpan bracteate

The Grumpan bracteate, designated as runic inscription Vg 207 by Rundata, is a gold C-bracteate found in Västergötland, Sweden in 1911.

Runic inscription

The Grumpan bracteate is notable as it has a sequential listing of the elder futhark runic alphabet:

Transliteration:

fuþarkgw ******** hnijïp(z)... **** tbeml(ŋ)(o)d ******[1]

Scandinavian runemasters from an early date divided the twenty-four runes of the elder futhark into three groups of eight runes called an ætt.[2] On the Grumpan bracteate, the runes of each ætt are separated by a row of dots.[2]

Other elder futhark inscriptions

Because the Grumpan bracteate is damaged, it does not indicate every rune of the elder futhark.[3] The Kylver stone has the entire listing of the elder furthark, and portions of the sequential listing have also been found on the Vadstena bracteate, Charnay Fibula, and a pillar found at Breza near Sarajevo.[3]

References

  1. ^ Project Samnordisk Runtextdatabas Svensk - Rundata.
  2. ^ a b Page, Raymond I. (1973). An Introduction to English Runes. Methuen & Co. pp. 62. http://books.google.com/books?id=7cgOAAAAQAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false. 
  3. ^ a b Elliott, Ralph Warren Victor (1959). Runes: An Introduction. Manchester University Press. pp. 14. ISBN 0-7190-0787-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=SDS8AAAAIAAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_navlinks_s#v=onepage&q=&f=false.